Abstract
Introduction. Purinergic signaling pathways in brain cells can play an important role both in physiological conditions and in depression and autism spectrum disorders.
The purpose of this literature review was a systematic analysis of information in the modern scientific literature devoted to the role of the P2X7 subtype of purinergic receptors in the pathogenesis of depression and autism spectrum disorders.
Material and methods. The literature review includes data from foreign and domestic articles published in PubMed and eLibrary over the past 23 years, which are devoted to purinergic signals associated with P2X7 receptors, in health and in depression, autism spectrum disorders.
Results. P2X7 receptors are unique representatives of the P2X receptor family, normally involved in the regulation of immune processes, maintenance of cellular homeostasis and neuronal plasticity, promoting the balance between inflammatory reactions and recovery mechanisms. Hyperactivation of this type of receptors under stress or inflammation leads to a cascade of pathological processes, including neuroinflammation, disruption of synaptic plasticity and cotransmitter properties, development of oxidative stress, which play a key role in the development of the considered mental disorders, which is associated with the activation of the P2X7-NLRP3-cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 pathway. The established patterns confirm the pathogenetic role of P2X7 receptors in the development of depression and autism spectrum disorders.
Conclusion. The presented analysis demonstrates a significant pathogenetic role of P2X7 receptors in the development of depression and autism spectrum disorders. An interesting perspective is the potential therapeutic modulation of P2X7 activity and the study of models for translational research. Future studies should focus on the long-term safety and efficacy of P2X7 inhibitors, as well as their interaction with other approaches, which may significantly improve the quality of life of patients with autism.
Keywords
Authors and affiliations
V.A. Panyukov(1), V.A. Zakharova(1, 2), N.A. Malinovskaya(1, 2), Z.I. Shogenov(3),
Yu.A. Nicheporenko(4), A.R. Shikhmagomedova(5)
1-Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1, Krasnoyarsk, 660022, Russian Federation; 2-Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Ave., 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation; 3Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov”, Nalchik, Chernyshevsky Street, 173, 360004, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic; 4-Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution
of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovityanova Street, 1, Building 6, Moscow, 117513, Russian Federation; 5-Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution
of Higher Education «Dagestan State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Lenin Square, 1, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000, Russian Federation
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