Abstract
Introduction. The project mimicked the conditions of a manned Mars mission during which six volunteers stayed in a closed complex for 520 days. The aim of the study. The main goal of the research was the complex assessment of blood samples of volunteers for the presence of potential morphopathogenic and cyto- and genotoxic factors. Methods. A test system capable of revealing in human and animal blood samples pathogenic factors causing damage to the structure of cells and their genetic apparatus was used in the research. The test system is based on the simultaneous use of three models: preimplantation mouse embryos, postimplantation rat embryos, and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The experimental animals were SPF F1 female mice (С57ВL × СВА) and outbred female Wistar rats. Blood samples of the were used as cultural media for early mammalian embryos. The cyto- and genotoxical assessment was performed with the use of Comet assay, as well as micronuclear test in volunteer blood lymphocytes under conditions oа cytokinesis block. Results. Experiments in early embryos culture revealed the presence of some toxic factors causing 100% embryolethal effect in blood sample No 2. Samples No 1, 3–6 showed no crucial pathogenic effects on preimplantation embryos, whereas the development of postimplantation embryos in these samples was significantly delayed (р<0,05 – р<0,001). The cytotoxical test revealed a considerable decrease in mitotic activity (р<0,001) and the increase in the number of pyknotic (No 4–6) and apoptotic cells (No 1, 4–6). The genotoxical test revealed an increased frequency of micronuclei (No 5, 6) and a significant increase in the frequency of single- and double-strand DNA breaks (No 2 with the use of comet assay in alkaline and neutral conditions). Conclusion. Results of the complex assessment of blood samples of volunteers indicate to the presence of toxic factors of unclear genesis and different degree of pronouncement.
Authors and affiliations
Protasova G.A., Popov V.B., Shabasheva L.V., Protasov S.V., Мaksimova I.А., Krupyanskii Yu.F., Protasova О.V., Ushakov I. B.
References
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