Аннотация
Целью настоящего обзора являлось определение роли физической активности как неотъемлемого компонента обогащения среды в процессах нейрогенеза в гиппокампе грызунов. Материал и методы. Поиск полнотекстовых материалов производился в базах данных Medline (PubMed) и Scopus за последние 15 лет. Результаты. Физическая активность может влиять на нейрональных предшественников в зубчатой извилине гиппокампа действуя, вероятно, через несколько молекулярных механизмов: 1) увеличение системной концентрации продуктов гликолиза (в первую очередь лактата) способствует усилению кровоснабжения зубчатой извилины, а также ангиогенезу; 2) выделяемые мышцами миокины стимулируют экспрессию нейротрофических факторов, таких, как нейротрофический фактор мозга BDNF; 3) уменьшение количества адипоцитов и снижение концентрации лептина при регулярных тренировках изменяют лейкопоэз, ингибируя пролиферацию потенциально провоспалительных лейкоцитов; 4) стимуляция блуждающего нерва способствует регуляции системного воспаления и деполяризации гранулярных клеток, что, вероятно, стимулирует дифференциацию нейрональных предшественников. Заключение. Физическая активность вне зависимости от других компонентов обогащенной среды стимулирует пролиферацию и выживание нейрональных предшественников зубчатой извилины гиппокампа.
Авторы и аффилиации
А.В. Виноградова, П.А. Смирнова, З.Ю. Яковчук, О.П. Тучина
ФГАОУ ВО «БФУ им. Иммануила Канта», Образовательно-научный кластер «Институт медицины
и наук о жизни (МЕДБИО)», Высшая школа живых систем, Лаборатория синтетической биологии, Российская Федерация, 236041, Калининград, ул. Университетская, д. 2
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