Abstract
Introduction. Male infertility is a complex medical problem affecting a significant part of the male population. According to the WHO, about 15% of couples worldwide face infertility problems, and in 40-50% of cases the cause is attributed to the male factor. Diagnosis of male infertility requires an integrated approach and interdisciplinary cooperation, including genetic studies, hormonal tests, microbiological tests and assessment of environmental factors and the patient’s lifestyle. The aim of this study is to assess the current state of knowledge about bacteriospermia factors and their impact on male fertility.
Material and methods. The work uses review and original publications indexed in MedLine, Cochrane Library, PubMed.
Results. This paper discusses the mechanisms of bacterial adhesion to sperm and their impact on the quality of reproductive cells. Particular attention is paid to the role of pili and fimbriae, physical properties of the bacterial cell wall and sperm agglutination factor (SAF). Bacteriospermia implies the presence of bacteria directly in the seminal fluid, which can negatively affect male fertility; the presence of bacteria in the seminal fluid is an important factor that can lead to pathological changes in spermatozoa, impairing motility and viability. The study is aimed at a deeper understanding of the above-mentioned processes in order to develop new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. Further research in the field of bacteriospermia should be aimed at studying the processes at the biochemical, as well as molecular, immunological, and, in addition, oxidative levels.
Conclusion. The development of new diagnostic tools, as well as biomarkers of bacteriospermia, improvement of existing diagnostic and treatment methods are the most promising areas for future research. The above will allow for more effective detection and treatment of bacteriospermia, improving fertility and reproductive health in men.
Authors and affiliations
А.А. Nikolaev
Astrakhan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,
121 Bakinskaya Street, Astrakhan, 41400, Russian Federation
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