Abstract
Introduction. An aortic aneurysm is defined as an irreversible progressive enlargement of the aorta with an increasing risk of rupture, often fatal. It is known that the imbalance of inhibitors and activators of cell matrix proteolysis and the death of smooth muscle cells play a key role in the destruction of the aortic wall, impaired elasticity and a pathological diameter increase. The contribution of atherosclerotic changes is not still clear enough.
The purpose of this literature review was to analyze current data on cellular and molecular mechanisms of damage. aortic walls at various stages of aneurysm development.
Material and methods. A search for sources in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary databases for the period 2020–2026 was conducted, as well as fundamental research from an earlier period.
The main provisions. The pathogenesis is based on individual genetically determined anatomical and physiological features of the organism. At each of the three stages – initiation, progression, and terminal phase, various elements of pathogenesis play a key role. At an early stage, it is possible to carry out therapeutic correction and suppress inflammation in order to slow down the pace of intimal damage, smooth muscle cell transformation, media destabilization, and extracellular matrix destruction.
Conclusion. Studying the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm and risk factors for its progression will make it possible to develop therapeutic management methods for patients and reduce the risk of death from sudden rupture or dissection of the aorta
Keywords
Authors and affiliations
https://elibrary.ru/pemdqv
T.I. Khomyakova(1), V.A. Mkhitarov(1), Yu.N. Khomyakov(2), O.V. Makarova(1)
1-Research Institute of Human Morphology named after Academician A.P. Avtsyn of Petrovsky National Research Center
of Surgery, Tsyurupy str., 3, Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation; 2-Moscow University “Synergy”,
Meshchanskaya str., 9/14, build. 1, Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation
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