ABNORMALITIES OF HEMOSTASIS AND THEIR PREVENTION IN CANCER PATIENTS

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication associated with increased mortality in cancer patients. The basic role in
pathogenesis of thrombotic complication in cancer patients is played by changes in the hemostatic system caused by the tumor itself as well
as methods of treatment. The use of LMWH preparations before and after operation (7–20 days) reduces the activation of pro-coagulation
(prolongation of APTT, decrease in prothrombin activity and of fibrinogen concentration) and platelet links of hemostatic system, the level
of intravascular coagulation markers (D-dimers, fibrin monomers soluble complex) and von Willebrand factor. The LMWH preparations
conduce preservation of natural inhibitors of thrombin (antithrombin III, protein C), maintain the defensive role of fibrinolysis. In patients
with tumors of the musculoskeletal system VTE developed in 13% of cases in control group versus 2% of cases in group, receiving enoxaparin
sodium thromboprophylaxis. In gynecological cancer patients VTE developed in 13% of cases in control group versus 6% of cases in group,
receiving nadroparin thromboprophylaxis, and 5% of cases in group, receiving enoxaparin sodium thromboprophylaxis.

O.V. Somonova, A.V. Madzhuga, A.L. Elizarova
Federal State Budgetary Institution «The N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center» of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation