Аннотация
Целью работы является обзор научной литературы о генетических мутациях, возникающих при хроническом лимфоцитарном лейкозе. Материал и методы. Для поиска опубликованных исследований использовались следующие базы данных: PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost и Scopus. Поиск производился во временном интервале с даты создания соответствующей базы данных до октября 2024 г. Исследование признавалось подходящим, в случае если оно было оригинальным, рассматривало клинические и патогенетические особенности ХЛЛ. Результаты. Из представленного анализа литературных источников следует, что основными генетическими изменениями при ХЛЛ являются хромосомные мутации. При этом наиболее распространенной аномалией является делеция del(13q14) и del(17p). Также при ХЛЛ большое значение имеет микроокружение. Поведение клеток ХЛЛ зависит от сигналов, источником которых являются находящиеся в микроокружении неопухолевые клетки. Геном опухолей многих пациентов с ХЛЛ характеризуется наличием мутаций в генах вариабельного региона тяжелой цепи иммуноглобулинов, в то время как у других пациентов вышеупомянутые гены не содержат мутаций, что ассоциировано с неблагоприятным прогнозом заболевания. Заключение. В обзоре проанализированы различные виды аномалий при ХЛЛ. Рассмотрены основные этапы патогенетического механизма в эволюции заболевания и возможные способы лечения в зависимости от генетической мутации.
Авторы и аффилиации
А.Г. Гарифуллина(1), И.Р. Гилязова(1–3), Г.Р. Абдеева(1), Д.А. Кудлай(4–6),
А.Р. Низамова(2), А.А. Минязова(1), Б.А. Бакиров(1)
1-ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет»
Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации,
Российская Федерация, Республика Башкортостан, 450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3;
2-Институт биохимии и генетики Уфимского Федерального
исследовательского центра РАН, Российская Федерация,
Республика Башкортостан, 450054, Уфа, проспект Октября, д. 71;
3-ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»,
Российская Федерация, 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9;
4-ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет
им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации,
Российская Федерация, 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2;
5-Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова,
Российская Федерация, 119991, Москва, ул. Ленинские горы, д. 1;
6-ФГБУ «Государственный Научный центр Института иммунологии»
Федеральное медико-биологическое агентство России,
Российская Федерация, 115522, Москва, ул. Каширское ш., д. 24
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