Abstract
Introduction. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia type in adults. CLL is characterized by significant changes in the patient's genome, including both various mutations and epigenetic changes. These changes currently play an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the disease.
The aim of the work is to review the scientific literature on genetic mutations that occur in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Material and methods. The following databases were used to search for published studies: PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost and Scopus. The search was performed in the time period from the date of creation of the corresponding databases to October 2024. A study was considered suitable if it was original, included the clinical and pathogenetic features of CLL.
Results. From the presented analysis of sources, it could be concluded that the main genetic changes in CLL are chromosomal mutations. Moreover, the most common anomalies are del(13q14) and del(17p). The microenvironment in CLL is also very important. The behavior of CLL cells depends on signals originating from non-tumor cells in the microenvironment. The tumor genome of many patients with CLL is characterized by the presence of mutations in the genes of the variable region of the heavy chain of immunoglobulins, while in other patients the above-mentioned genes do not contain mutations, which is associated with an unfavorable prognosis of the disease.
Conclusions. The review analyzes various types of anomalies in CLL. The main stages of the pathogenetic mechanism in the evolution of the disease and possible methods of treatment depending on the genetic mutation are also examined.
Authors and affiliations
A.G. Garifullina(1), I.R. Gilyazova(1–3), G.R. Abdeeva1, D.A. Kudlay(4–6), A.R. Nizamova(2), A.A. Minyazova(1), B.A. Bakirov(1)
1-Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,
Lenin str., 3, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russian Federation;
2-Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Oktyabrya avenue, 71, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450054, Russian Federation;
3-Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7–9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation;
4-I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,
st. Trubetskaya, 8, building 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation;
5-M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory St., 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation;
6-State Scientific Center of the Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency,
Kashirskoe Shosse St., 24, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation
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