Abstract
Introduction. Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease that represents a major global health problem. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world, with the incidence of breast cancer increasing year by year in most countries. The existence of heterogeneity of the disease limits the possibilities of early diagnosis and targeted therapy of breast cancer. Genetic profiling makes it possible to assess susceptibility to breast cancer, especially in women with a positive family history, which makes it possible to screen carriers of risk-associated variants more specifically and at an earlier age.
Material and methods. This review describes recent advances in the study of breast cancer pathogenesis, examining promising candidate targets such as tumor antigens, tumor-associated macrophages, microRNAs, circulating tumor DNA, and protein biomarkers as critical components of disease characterization that improve prognosis. In addition, data on the contribution of genetic and epigenetic factors in the development of this disease, the molecular profile of the tumor and the individual genetic profile of the patient were summarized.
Conclusion. Breast cancer remains a significant public health problem due to its high incidence and heterogeneity. Genetic and molecular profiling are key tools for early diagnosis and better prediction of the disease course. Despite significant advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of AD, further research is required to address unresolved issues and improve diagnostic methods. The development of new biomarkers and patient stratification strategies will contribute to better disease control and improved prognosis for patients.
Keywords
Authors and affiliations
E.M. Kagirova(1), R.I. Khusainova(1, 2), N.G. Mokrysheva(2), I.R. Minniakhmetov(1, 2), V.N. Pavlov(1)
1-Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, ul. Lenina 3, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation;
2-Endocrinology Research Center, Dmitriy Ulyanov str., 11, Moscow, 117292, Russian Federation
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